Nunavik hunters have been urged to postpone their fall beluga harvest due to a significant decline in the number of whales within the Belcher Islands-Eastern Hudson Bay beluga population. According to the latest survey conducted by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) in 2024, the population stood at 2,200 animals, marking the lowest estimate on record. The Nunavik Marine Region Wildlife Board (NMRWB) aims to ensure a 50% chance of maintaining the population at 3,400 after five years, as outlined in their 2021-2026 management plan.
However, recent data from the 2024 survey indicates a continuous decline in the beluga population, with an annual decrease of approximately two-and-a-half to three percent since 2015, accelerating further post-2021. DFO now doubts the achievability of the 3,400 target and warns that the population might face quasi-extinction by 2037.
To address this concerning trend, the NMRWB is advocating for a shift in the hunting schedule to later in November. Executive director Tommy Palliser highlighted that Eastern Hudson Bay belugas typically migrate earlier in the fall compared to the Western Hudson Bay population, which has maintained healthy numbers since 1987. By delaying the harvest, more Western Hudson Bay belugas would be caught instead of the Eastern Hudson Bay Beluga, aiding in conservation efforts.
Palliser also expressed safety concerns regarding the current quota system, which allows a total allowable take (TAT) of 20 belugas in the Eastern Hudson Bay Arc region. The NMRWB has raised issues about the risks faced by hunters, citing past fatalities and logistical challenges associated with long-distance hunting trips beyond the designated boundary.
The implementation of quotas was described as a pivotal measure by Umiujaq’s Peter Tookalook, who noted the drastic decline in beluga numbers in the Nastapoka River. He emphasized the necessity of quotas to ensure fair distribution and prevent over-harvesting by certain individuals.
While some stakeholders have criticized the quota system, NMRWB’s Palliser emphasized the importance of an Inuit-led approach to find sustainable solutions that align with traditional practices. He highlighted the need to balance scientific research with indigenous knowledge, particularly concerning beluga behavior patterns and the potential impacts of industrial activities on their habitat.
The NMRWB is seeking an extension of its beluga management plan until January 31, 2027, to collect more recent data and engage with the local community effectively. Approval from the DFO minister is required for this extension, with ongoing discussions taking place to finalize the decision.